The Halcyon Days of System.Threading.Timer

Did installing Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 break your multithreaded application? My first guess would be that the application uses a class called System.Threading.Timer, which apparently is something the testing dept. of Microsoft does not care much about.

Quite a few people have encountered the same problem.

This also suggests that since the server is otherwise working perfectly well with SP1, Microsoft is not using .NET Framework very extensively in it's own implementations. Given the complexity of IIS, for example, there's bound to be some kind of timer functionality.

Post-SP1, the following code works only for a minute or so - after that the Timer just stops sending the events. Prior to SP1 the service application and the timer have been running continuously for months.


public Timer ServiceTimer=new Timer(); // System.Threading.Timer


private void OnTimer(Object Source, ElapsedEventArgs e) {

  // ... do the periodical stuff

}


public void StartService() {

  ServiceTimer.Interval=PollInterval;

  ServiceTimer.Elapsed+=new ElapsedEventHandler(OnTimer);

  ServiceTimer.Enabled=true;

}


public void StopService() {

  ServiceTimer.Enabled=false;

}

Fortunately it is quite easy to work around the functionality of the Timer object by creating another thread and using the static Thread.Sleep method, but the workaround done with C# does not use native platform methods directly, so it might be unsuitable for very time-critical purposes. .NET Framework has also another server-type timer, System.Timers.Timer - I'm unsure if that still works in server environment.

Here's how I fixed the timer. Note that there is a significant difference in the behavior, which may be very relevant. In the previous example, the time taken to execute the periodical stuff is excluded from the timer interval, ie. the interval between the start time of executions is constant. In the following, the interval between the executions is a constant.

private Thread TimerThread=null;

private bool Running=false;


private void OnTimer() {

  while(Running) {

    // ... do the periodical stuff

    Thread.Sleep(PollInterval);

  }

}


public void StartService() {

  Running=true;

  TimerThread=new Thread(new ThreadStart(OnTimer));

  TimerThread.Start();

}


public void StopService() {

  Running=false;

}

Categories: Programming

Posted by Matias at 15.05.2005 11:03 (8 years ago)

113 comments

From Jamus (show email) at 13.06.2005 19:21 (8 years ago)

Hi, mine was the fourth example listed ("encountered")

We were never able to get the problem to go away. The SP1 installation installed with errors and uninstalled with errors, and nothing we could do (including restoring files from the Win2k3 CD, uninstalling, reinstalling, and uninstalling SP1 again) would remove the problem. Supposedly SP1 was gone-- but the problem did not go away.

We used a basic test program (created and fired 30000 timers), on about 10 machines. Pre-SP1, there was no problem. With SP1, every machine had this behavior. Notably, the more CPU usage there was on the machine, the earlier the test process halted (the fewer timers actually fired). On all but one machine, uninstalling SP1 fixed the problem. But on that machine, we were eventually forced to reinstall Windows 2003 Server from the CDs. (Note: We also tried an 'upgrade' installation on top of 2003-- only a clean install worked, but we did not format the partition.)

The example above is good, but does have a problem in that all executions are on the same thread, and cannot run concurrently, and as noted, the delay is between the end of the previous and the start of the current iteration. Instead, you might consider:
private void TimerLoop() { //Use this thread to fire events. while(Running) { //Fire a new thread on the "OnTimer" method (new Thread(new ThreadStart(OnTimer))).Start(); Thread.Sleep(ExecutionInterval);// sleep before starting the next one. } } public void OnTimer() { //Do the periodical stuff here, this method started in its own thread. } public void StartService() { Running = true; TimerThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart TimerLoop); TimerThread.Start(); }
This method is useful for those who need to measure from the start of threads, at the cost of some additional overhead time when firing (unsleep thread, create new thread, start thread, sleep again) and an extra thread.

Of course, sleeping seems to be somewhat less accurate than the threading timers are (any info on why that is?).

For us, SP1 simply didn't have anything so useful to offer that it was worth keeping with this problem. We won't be installing it until we hear this issue is resolved. But seeing as it's been 3 months or so? We're not holding our breath.

Jamus
Brian Arsuaga
jarod@unwritten.net

From makc (show email) at 15.06.2005 12:37 (8 years ago)

why do while(Running)? why not use try/catch/finally, and simply do Thread.Abort in OnStop?

From Matias (show email) at 16.06.2005 20:15 (8 years ago)

Jamus: Yes, my application, a multiuser chat/game server hosting different sub-applications, runs the main server in one thread. The sub-apps have designated threads available for them. You have somewhat different needs, but thanks for the example anyway!

Makc: In my case, the stopping of the thread does not have to be instantaneous and the "while(Running)" allows the periodical operations end smoothly. For example, if the thread was aborted with a database transaction not yet committed, it might cause problems or at least require more complex error handling logic.

From Jamus (show email) at 29.06.2005 19:48 (7 years ago)

There's been some more activity on this issue.

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/microsoft.public.dotnet.framework.clr/browse_thread/thread/772a5528aba714fa/eeee6f6d9601c90b?hl=en

Thought I'd let you know. :)

From Craig McConomy at 25.05.2006 16:31 (7 years ago)

In case you don't want to do too much reading, this seems to resolve the issue for stuff you code yourself:

add "Thread.Sleep(0);" to the top of your TimerCallback delegate method.

From Dave (show email) at 21.06.2006 17:53 (7 years ago)

Shouldn't the variable Running in your example be synchronized?

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